92 CHAPTER 2.2 Table SI1.2. STOPP - Clarity rating of actions, from lowest to highest ranking. STOPP Action Clarity rating n=80 D7 Anticholinergics/antimuscarinics 17% D8 Anticholinergics/antimuscarinics 17% D14 First-generation antihistamines 17% I1 Antimuscarinic drugs 17% K2 Neuroleptic drugs 17% L3 Long-acting opioids 17% D9 Neuroleptic antipsychotic 25% M1 Concomitant use of two or more drugs with antimuscarinic/ anticholinergic properties (e.g. bladder antispasmodics, intestinal antispasmodics, tricyclic antidepressants, first generation antihistamines) 25% A3 Any duplicate drug class prescription e.g. two concurrent NSAIDs, SSRIs, loop diuretics, ACE inhibitors, anticoagulants 33% B10 Centrally-acting antihypertensives (e.g. methyldopa, clonidine, moxonidine, rilmenidine, guanfacine), 33% D3 Neuroleptics with moderate-marked antimuscarinic/ anticholinergic effects (chlorpromazine, clozapine, flupenthixol, fluphenzine, pipothiazine, promazine, zuclopenthixol) 33% D10 Neuroleptics 33% F3 Drugs likely to cause constipation (e.g. antimuscarinic/ anticholinergic drugs, oral iron, opioids, verapamil, aluminium antacids) 33% K3 Vasodilator drugs (e.g. alpha-1 receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, long-acting nitrates, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin I receptor blockers, ) 33% E4 NSAID’s 42% L1 Use of oral or transdermal strong opioids (morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl, buprenorphine, diamorphine, methadone, tramadol, pethidine, pentazocine) 42% B12 Aldosterone antagonists (e.g. spironolactone, eplerenone) with concurrent potassium-conserving drugs (e.g. ACEI’s, ARB’s, amiloride, triamterene) 50% B13 Phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (e.g. sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil) 50%
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