32 Chapter 2 of each daily survey to be able to match their responses across the five days. In total, 133 participants filled out 521 daily questionnaires. The mean age of the participants was 36.26 (SD = 10.57), and 52% of the sample was male. Of all participants, 65%had a college or university degree. Participants worked on average 41.64 hours per week (SD = 6.82) in a wide range of professions and sectors, including computer and electronics (18.6%), retail (14.7%), finance and insurance (10.9%), education (6.2%), entertainment and recreation (6.2%), healthcare (5.0%), government and public administration (4.7%), hotel and food services (4.7%), or other sectors such as transportation, real estate, agriculture, and construction. A majority of the participants (74%) had a permanent employment contract (versus being a business owner or having a temporary contract), and 47% held a supervisory position. Measures The eight day-level PVM items and their means and standard deviations can be found in Table 1 (lower part). The response options to the PVM items ranged from 1 (totally disagree) to 7 (totally agree). In addition, we included the list of 20 work-related strategies and 22 micro-breaks composed by Fritz et al. (2011) into the diary study, and asked participants daily how often they had used each of the 44 strategies that day (1 = not at all, 5 = very often). Examples of the work-related strategies are ‘check e-mail’, ‘seek feedback’, and ‘find ways to delegate’. Examples of the micro-breaks are ‘surf the web’, ‘meditate’, and ‘go to the bathroom’. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis Using Mplus (Muthén & Muthén, 1998 - 2012), we performed a multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (MLCFA) on the eight day-level items. We modeled both the within- and between-person covariance matrices simultaneously (see Figure 1). The results of the MLCFA indicated a good fit (CFI = .96, TLI = .95, SRMR within = .029, SRMR between = .033). Moreover, all items on the within-level had substantial standardized loadings on the latent construct, with coefficients ranging from .70 to .85 (all p’s < .001). The loadings on between-level are even higher, with coefficients ranging from .99 to 1.35 (all p’s < .001), which implies that there may be a high degree of multicollinearity
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