111 Creating A Creative State of Mind head, or by proactively shutting of one’s phone and e-mail for a while to be able to focus – may make it much easier to achieve a mindful state. This is because mindfulness requires attentional and cognitive resources that in practice are often scarce (Suelmann et al, 2018). In addition, proactive vitality management may provide the physical and mental energy needed to achieve and sustain a mindful state. Indeed, when individuals feel tired, they are less likely to attainmindfulness (Suelmann et al., 2018). Along similar lines of thought, Hülsheger and colleagues (2018) found that fatigue in the morning was negatively related to subsequent mindfulness states, a finding explained by the idea that people need physical and mental energy to be mindful and engage in effortful attention regulation. Finally, mindfulness may be defined as a state of consciousness in which attention is focused on present-moment phenomena occurring both externally and internally (Dane, 2011). When individuals are intentionally and actively involved in how they feel and how they can mobilize their physical and mental energy, they may automatically become more aware and attuned to such phenomena and cues (i.e., be mindful). Hypothesis 1: Daily proactive vitalitymanagement is positively related to dailymindfulness. Mindfulness in the Creative Process A mindful state may promote creative performance on a daily basis due to several characteristics associated with mindfulness. The dual pathway model of creativity suggests that creativity is a function of cognitive flexibility and persistence (Nijstad et al., 2010). In line with this well-established theory, mindfulness has been shown to involve and promote cognitive and attentional flexibility, which enables deliberate shifting of one’s focus of attention from one object or experience to another (Bishop et al., 2004; Glomb et al., 2011; Moore & Malinowski, 2009). Moreover, as mindfulness promotes alignment between goals and values, mindful states are associated with greater persistence (Glomb et al., 2011). Another important feature of mindfulness is its association with higher levels of attention and working memory capacity (e.g., Brown & Ryan, 2003; Glomb et al., 2011), which can contribute to the generation of new and original ideas. Working memory capacity promotes the creative process because it enables sustained attention focused on the task and prevents undesirable mind wandering (De Dreu et al., 2012). In contrast, reduced attention capacity impairs 5
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